Incorporating rubber aggregates ground from end-of-life tyres in concrete mixtures as a replacement for coarse/fine aggregates could help to improve the resistance of rubberized concrete to impact loading. However, the literature found neither investigations on the impact resistance of rubberized cement-stabilized aggregates. In this paper, cement-treated materials (maximum size of 25 mm and 4% cement content), in which rubber aggregate 3–6 mm was used to replace mixed aggregate from 0.425–9.5 mm at different contents of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, were subjected to impact loadings. Experimental results showed a better impact resistance of rubberized cement-stabilized aggregates through the number of blows at composite failure and a variation in the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of the sample before the first visible crack. A damage variable was also used to evaluate the resistance of the mixtures to impact loading. Higher rubber content resulted in lower damage with the narrowest cracks and wide cracking distribution than significant opening damage on the reference cement-treated aggregates.