Measurement methods for microplastics in water from artificial turf – pre-study
Magnusson, S; Mácsik, J and Regnell, F
Location
Ecoloop AB
Link:
Abstract
To investigate the quantity of microplastics released from artificial turf fields into water, methods of measurement are needed. Current uncertainties regarding such methods relate to: – how to sample representative water samples – the choice of an appropriate method of analysis; and – the extent to which it is possible to estimate the number and origin of the particles found. More and more municipalities have already initiated preventive measures to reduce the spread of microplastics from artificial turf fields. To demonstrate the impact of this work, it is important to be able to measure microplastic dispersion, estimate its magnitude and determine whether there is a change in dispersion as a result of the measures taken. This project is one of several projects financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and carried out within the framework of the Agency's commissioning group for artificial turf. Kalmar municipality, as a member of the commissioning group, is the project owner. The aim of the project was to investigate which available analytical methods are suitable for measuring the distribution of microplastics in water from artificial turf fields. The objective was to identify methods of measurement for analysing microplastics that are practically applicable and that can be purchased as a service by stakeholders such as recreational administrations, environmental offices or facility owners who want to control the spread of microplastics. The methods used were a literature review, interviews and our own analysis of sample materials from artificial turf fields. Relevant scientific articles were collected concerning methods for the identification or quantification of microplastics in air, water or sediment. Interviews were conducted with Swedish stakeholders who have knowledge of analytical methods or can offer services to measure microplastics in water. Reference sampling and the analysis of stormwater runoff from Bergaviks IP in Kalmar, where an artificial turf field is to be laid, was performed in the lab to identify and quantify existing microplastics before the artificial turf field is laid. The results showed that: – A number of analytical methods may be applicable to artificial turf materials. Light-based methods such as stereomicroscopy, as well as electron microscopy and various chemical analyses may be viable for measuring microplastics. No analysis method was identified that currently works well for all infill materials or artificial turf studied. – The reference library needs to be developed Information on how microplastics of various plastic and rubber materials look under the microscope or in chemical analysis needs to be compiled specifically for each analytical method. This will allow the various types of microplastics to be distinguished from one another. – Markers exist that identify microplastics from artificial turf materials The analyses conducted in this study of infill materials and artificial turf fibres show that there may be combinations of substances and/or unique substances that can be used individually or together as fingerprints or markers to identify microplastics from specific artificial turf materials. – Further development of measurement methods is required The analysis packages or investigation services currently offered are based on various methods of analysis. Each of the analytical methods has its advantages and limitations, but they all need further development to ensure that plastics from artificial turf fields can be identified in the water. A reference analysis on plastic materials (material samples) included in each artificial turf field is needed to assess the dispersion from the field.