Saving coho salmon: Alternatives for 6PPD in tire manufacturing
Elizabeth Boxer, Emely Heras, Kiera Hollenbeck, Gabrielle Rigutto, Elliot Rossomme, and Jake Wilson
Location
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Link:
Abstract
Coho salmon populations support ecological systems and are a focal species among indige nous populations along the Northern Pacific Rim, of which are currently listed at endan gered species. In early 2021, 6PPD-quinone, which is a transformation product of 6N-1,3 dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), was discovered as the cause of pre spawn mortality in Coho salmon in the Pacific Northwest.1 6PPD is a critical tire rubber additive due to its high-performing antidegradant prop erties. Due to its demonstrated ecotoxicity, we are aiming to identify chemical alternatives to 6PPD that not only uphold technical functionality, but also minimize human health and environmental hazards. We have identified four strategies that will be outlined in the text of this report. Each of which will be subject to a comparative technical assessment, as well as a comparative human and environmental health and performance assessment. Our first strategy involves synthetic modification of the 6PPD molecule in order to pre vent formation of its toxic quinone form. Our second strategy proposes implementation of a class of synthetic food preservatives called gallates, as these have yet to be explored as tire antidegradants. Our third proposed strategy involves implementation of lignin, which is second most abundant plant-based polymer in the world, into the tire rubber formulation as an antidegradant. Lastly, our fourth strategy involves a broader process-level changes, including adjustments to vulcanization processes schemes and rubber formulation. This report aims to assess baseline technical feasibility and as to how environmental and human health performance compares to 6PPD. Rigorous testing will need to be conducted in order to fully and comprehensively assess as to whether any of the proposed replacement or replacement schemes can meet the same performance standards of 6PPD