This paper examines the critical role of materials technology in achieving a sustainable economy through its potential to minimize pollution, conserve resources, and maximise clean energy supply. It highlights the historical exploitation of natural resources and its environmental consequences, including deforestation, climate change, and resource depletion, which have necessitated a shift towards sustainable practices. The study contextualises the concept of sustainable development as defined by the Brundtland Report and underscores the importance of aligning materials technology with environmental goals to ensure that present needs are met without compromising future generations. Furthermore, the paper explores the socio-economic and legislative factors influencing the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies. It discusses the significant contribution of materials strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating environmental harm. Through a combined focus on technological innovation and policy frameworks, the study advocates for the integration of materials technology into sustainable development initiatives, addressing its pivotal role in moderating environmental impact and supporting the global transition to sustainability.