While tyres used in mining vehicles are a small percentage by numbers of waste tyres in the US each year, they are a much larger percentage by weight. Off-road tyres are larger and heavier than road tyres, and the mining industry uses a lot of them. Market applications for scrap mining tyres are minimal. The three main possible applications at present are: tyre derived fuel (TDF); rubber-modified asphalt (RMA); and the use of scrap tyres in civil engineering. Civil engineering uses are still experimental - leachate studies need to be performed, but this may become an important application. Mining tyres tend to be used far from a possible second use site, but they might be usable where there is a high enough concentration of mines locally, or for on-site civil engineering purposes. Some tyre scrap might be incorporated in coal shipments. Meanwhile land disposal of tyres remains banned.